Vigilancia epidemiológica en los últimos 4 años del Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea: situación actual y tendencias / Four-year Epidemiological Surveillance of the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy: Current Situation and Trends

Antecedentes: El Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea tiene entre sus objetivos la vigilancia epidemiológica de la dermatitis de contacto. Para ello es importante conocer si se producen alteraciones en el tiempo de las prevalencias de las positividades a los distintos alérgenos. Objetivos: Describir las variaciones en las tendencias temporales en positividades a alérgenos en la serie estándar del GEIDAC en el periodo comprendido entre 2018 y el 31 de diciembre de 2022. Métodos: Estudio observacional multicéntrico de pacientes estudiados consecutivamente mediante pruebas epicutáneas dentro del estudio de un posible eczema alérgico de contacto recogidos de forma prospectiva en el seno del Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea. Se analizaron los datos mediante 2 pruebas estadísticas: una de homogeneidad (para ver si hay cambios en los diferentes años) y otra de tendencia (para ver si los cambios siguen una tendencia lineal). Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 11.327 pacientes en el periodo de estudio. Los alérgenos en los que de forma global se detectó una sensibilización mayor fueron sulfato de níquel, metilisotiazolinona, cloruro de cobalto, metilcloroisotiazolinona/metilisotiazolinona y mezcla de fragancias i. Se detectó una disminución estadísticamente significativa en el porcentaje de positividades de metilisotiazolinona a lo largo de años de estudio con una tendencia ordenada. Conclusiones: Si bien se pueden apreciar diferentes cambios en las tendencias a sensibilizaciones a varios de los alérgenos de la batería estándar, se observa que persiste una alta sensibilización al níquel, a la metilcloroisotiazolinona/metilisotiazolinona y a la mezcla de fragancias i. Solo se aprecia una tendencia a disminuir de forma significativa en el caso de la metilisotiazolinona.(AU)

Background: The epidemiological surveillance of contact dermatitis is one of the objectives of the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy. Knowing whether the prevalence of positive tests to the different allergens changes over time is important for this monitoring process. Objectives: To describe the various temporary trends in allergen positivity in the GEIDAC standard series from 2018 through December 31, 2022. Methods: This was a multicenter, observational trial of consecutive patients analyzed via patch tests as part of the study of possible allergic contact dermatitises collected prospectively within the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy. The data was analyzed using 2 statistical tests: one homogeneity test (to describe the changes seen over time) and one trend test (to see whether the changes described followed a linear trend). Results: A total of 11327 patients were included in the study. Overall, the allergens associated with a highest sensitization were nickel sulfate, methylisothiazolinone, cobalt chloride, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, and fragrance mix i. A statistically significant decrease was found in the percentage of methylisothiazolinone positive tests across the study years with an orderly trend. Conclusions: Although various changes were seen in the sensitizations trends to several allergens of the standard testing, it became obvious that a high sensitization to nickel, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and fragrances mix i remained. Only a significant downward trend was seen for methylisothiazolinone.(AU)

[Translated article] Four-year Epidemiological Surveillance of the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy: Current Situation and Trends / Vigilancia epidemiológica en los últimos 4 años del Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea: situación actual y tendencias

Antecedentes: El Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea tiene entre sus objetivos la vigilancia epidemiológica de la dermatitis de contacto. Para ello es importante conocer si se producen alteraciones en el tiempo de las prevalencias de las positividades a los distintos alérgenos. Objetivos: Describir las variaciones en las tendencias temporales en positividades a alérgenos en la serie estándar del GEIDAC en el periodo comprendido entre 2018 y el 31 de diciembre de 2022. Métodos: Estudio observacional multicéntrico de pacientes estudiados consecutivamente mediante pruebas epicutáneas dentro del estudio de un posible eczema alérgico de contacto recogidos de forma prospectiva en el seno del Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea. Se analizaron los datos mediante 2 pruebas estadísticas: una de homogeneidad (para ver si hay cambios en los diferentes años) y otra de tendencia (para ver si los cambios siguen una tendencia lineal). Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 11.327 pacientes en el periodo de estudio. Los alérgenos en los que de forma global se detectó una sensibilización mayor fueron sulfato de níquel, metilisotiazolinona, cloruro de cobalto, metilcloroisotiazolinona/metilisotiazolinona y mezcla de fragancias i. Se detectó una disminución estadísticamente significativa en el porcentaje de positividades de metilisotiazolinona a lo largo de años de estudio con una tendencia ordenada. Conclusiones: Si bien se pueden apreciar diferentes cambios en las tendencias a sensibilizaciones a varios de los alérgenos de la batería estándar, se observa que persiste una alta sensibilización al níquel, a la metilcloroisotiazolinona/metilisotiazolinona y a la mezcla de fragancias i. Solo se aprecia una tendencia a disminuir de forma significativa en el caso de la metilisotiazolinona.(AU)

Background: The epidemiological surveillance of contact dermatitis is one of the objectives of the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy. Knowing whether the prevalence of positive tests to the different allergens changes over time is important for this monitoring process. Objectives: To describe the various temporary trends in allergen positivity in the GEIDAC standard series from 2018 through December 31, 2022. Methods: This was a multicenter, observational trial of consecutive patients analyzed via patch tests as part of the study of possible allergic contact dermatitises collected prospectively within the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy. The data was analyzed using 2 statistical tests: one homogeneity test (to describe the changes seen over time) and one trend test (to see whether the changes described followed a linear trend). Results: A total of 11327 patients were included in the study. Overall, the allergens associated with a highest sensitization were nickel sulfate, methylisothiazolinone, cobalt chloride, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, and fragrance mix i. A statistically significant decrease was found in the percentage of methylisothiazolinone positive tests across the study years with an orderly trend. Conclusions: Although various changes were seen in the sensitizations trends to several allergens of the standard testing, it became obvious that a high sensitization to nickel, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and fragrances mix i remained. Only a significant downward trend was seen for methylisothiazolinone.(AU)

Standard and Expanded Series Patch Testing Update by the Spanish Contact Dermatitis and Skin Allergy Research Group (GEIDAC). / Actualización de la batería estándar y batería ampliada de pruebas alérgicas de contacto por el Grupo Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea (GEIDAC).

After the meeting held by the Spanish Contact Dermatitis and Skin Allergy Research Group (GEIDAC) back in October 2021, changes were suggested to the Spanish standard series patch testing. Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2% pet.), textile dye mixt (6.6% pet.), linalool hydroperoxide (1% pet.), and limonene hydroperoxide (0.3% pet.) were, then, added to the series that agreed upon in 2016. Ethyldiamine and phenoxyethanol were excluded. Methyldibromoglutaronitrile, the mixture of sesquiterpene lactones, and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene (Lyral) were alo added to the extended Spanish series of 2022.

[Translated article] Drug Survival in Cyclosporine Treatment for Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis: Analysis of the Spanish Atopic Dermatitis Registry (BIOBADATOP).

BACKGROUND: The past 5 years have seen a proliferation of new treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD). We analyzed recent drug survival data for cyclosporine in this setting. Because the Spanish National Healthcare system requires patients with AD to be treated with cyclosporine before they can be prescribed other systemic treatments, drug survival for cyclosporine may be shorter than in other diseases. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Multicenter, observational, prospective cohort study using data from the Spanish Atopic Dermatitis Registry (BIOBADATOP). Data from the Spanish Registry of Systemic Treatments in Psoriasis (BIOBADADERM) were used to create a comparison cohort. RESULTS: We analyzed data for 130 patients with AD treated with cyclosporine (median drug survival, 1 year). Median cyclosporine survival in the psoriasis comparison group (150 patients) was 0.37 years. Drug survival was significantly longer in AD than in psoriasis (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Drug survival of cyclosporine in the BIOBADATOP registry is similar to that described in other series of patients with AD and longer than that observed in the BIOBADADERM psoriasis registry.

[Neurobiological basis of neonatal epilepsy and its comorbilities]. / Bases neurobiológicas de la epilepsia neonatal y sus comorbilidades.

The occurrence of seizures is frequent during the neonatal period due to the functional immaturity of the brain.The presence of these seizures may lead to a diagnosis of neonatal epilepsy, which is usually associated with structural alterations of the brain during neurodevelopment. Approximately 50% of people with active epilepsy have at least one comorbid medical disorder, and the existence of a comorbid process changes the course of the epilepsy. The presence of neurologic disorders preceding the onset of epilepsy indicates that underlying neurobiological alterations may independently cause the predisposition to epilepsy and comorbid processes. In this review we describe the structural and functional brain processes underlying the onset of neonatal epilepsy and its comorbidities.

La aparición de convulsiones es frecuente durante el periodo neonatal debido a las características de inmadurez funcional del cerebro es este periodo. La aparición de estas convulsiones puede llevar a un diagnóstico de epilepsia neonatal, que suele estar asociado a alteraciones estructurales del cerebro durante el neurodesarrollo. Aproximadamente el 50% de las personas con epilepsia activa padecen al menos un trastorno médico comórbido, y esto hace que cambie la evolución de la epilepsia. La presencia de trastornos neurológicos que preceden a la aparición de la epilepsia indica que alteraciones estructurales y/o funcionales del cerebro subyacentes pueden ser causa de la predisposición a padecer epilepsia y de los procesos comórbidos de manera independiente. En esta revisión describimos los procesos cerebrales estructurales y funcionales que subyacen a la aparición de epilepsia neonatal y sus comorbilidades.

[Translated article] Four-year Epidemiological Surveillance of the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy: Current Situation and Trends.

BACKGROUND: The epidemiological surveillance of contact dermatitis is one of the objectives of the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy. Knowing whether the prevalence of positive tests to the different allergens changes over time is important for this monitoring process. OBJECTIVES: To describe the various temporary trends in allergen positivity in the GEIDAC standard series from 2018 through December 31, 2022. METHODS: This was a multicenter, observational trial of consecutive patients analyzed via patch tests as part of the study of possible allergic contact dermatitises collected prospectively within the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy. The data was analyzed using 2 statistical tests: one homogeneity test (to describe the changes seen over time) and one trend test (to see whether the changes described followed a linear trend). RESULTS: A total of 11327 patients were included in the study. Overall, the allergens associated with a highest sensitization were nickel sulfate, methylisothiazolinone, cobalt chloride, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, and fragrance mix i. A statistically significant decrease was found in the percentage of methylisothiazolinone positive tests across the study years with an orderly trend. CONCLUSIONS: Although various changes were seen in the sensitizations trends to several allergens of the standard testing, it became obvious that a high sensitization to nickel, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and fragrances mix i remained. Only a significant downward trend was seen for methylisothiazolinone.

Innovaciones tecnológicas en la litotricia de ondas de choque / Technological innovations in shock wave lithotripsy

Introducción Desde 1980, la litotricia extracorpórea por ondas de choque (SWL) ha sido empleada en el tratamiento de las litiasis urinarias, ofreciendo alternativas no invasivas a las técnicas quirúrgicas. Aunque limitada por tamaño y ubicación de las piedras, su efectividad se ve afectada por varios factores. A pesar de la evolución de técnicas quirúrgicas, la SWL podría mantener su relevancia con nuevos avances. Nuestro objetivo es revisar la bibliografía existente para recopilar los mayores avances hasta la fecha en el tratamiento extracorpóreo de la litiasis. Material y métodos Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica no sistemática, entre los años 2017 a 2023 para obtener 26 artículos sobre 3 tipos de innovación tecnológica en litotricia extracorpórea: Burst Wave Lithotripsy (BWL), Histotripsy y Microbubble Lithotripsy (ML). Resultados La BWL emplea ondas sinusoidales ultrasónicas de menor y mayor frecuencia que la SWL tradicional. Su mecanismo de acción genera una fragmentación de mayor calidad (finos fragmentos) en lugar de generar fuerzas tensionales como en la SWL tradicional que generan líneas de fractura que dan lugar a fragmentos de mayor tamaño. Resultados en cerdos y humanos han mostrado fragmentación efectiva con buen perfil de seguridad. Basada en la tecnología de ultrasonido focalizado de alta intensidad (HIFU), la histotricia fragmenta tejido empleando fenómenos de cavitación. Han mostrado buenos resultados in vitro, aunque la formación de microburbujas que se interponen entre la litiasis y las ondas de ultrasonido son un impedimento para el progreso de esta técnica. La ML combina microburbujas y ultrasonido para fragmentar litiasis con seguridad y eficacia. Resultados in vitro y en cerdos son prometedores. Puede optimizar tratamientos y reducir niveles energéticos. Conclusiones La innovación tecnológica no solo se está aplicando a técnicas endourológicas, sino también a la ESWL. ... (AU)

Introduction Since 1980, extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (SWL) has been employed in the treatment of urolithiasis, offering noninvasive alternatives to surgical techniques. In addition to being limited by the size and location of the stones, its efficacy is influenced by several factors. Despite the advancement of other surgical techniques, SWL could maintain its position with new improvements. Our objective is to review the existing literature on the latest advances in the extracorporeal treatment of lithiasis. Material and methods A non-systematic literature review was carried out from 2017 to 2023 to obtain 26 articles on three different emerging technologies in extracorporeal lithotripsy: Burst Wave Lithotripsy (BWL), Histotripsy, and Microbubble Lithotripsy (ML). Results The BWL uses sinusoidal bursts of US waves delivered at lower and higher frequencies than conventional SWL. Its mechanism of action generates a higher quality fragmentation (fine fragments) instead of generating tensile stresses for stone fracture resulting in larger fragments, as in traditional SWL. Studies in pigs and humans have shown effective fragmentation with a good safety profile. Based on High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) technology, histotripsy fragments tissue through cavitation. Good in vitro results have been shown, but the formation of microbubbles between the stone and ultrasound waves hinders the progress of this technique. Microbubble Lithotripsy (ML) combines microbubbles and ultrasound for safe and effective stone fragmentation. In vitro and pig results are promising. This technique can help optimize treatments and reduce energy levels. Conclusions Technological innovation is not only being applied to endourological techniques, but also to ESWL. New techniques such as BWL, histotripsy and ML are promising, with good results in the research phase. (AU)

Dataset for facilitating the calculation of aspect ratio of fibrillated cellulose suspensions based on gel point data.

This article describes data related to the research paper "Simplification of gel point characterization of cellulose nano and microfiber suspensions" [1]. The characterization of fibrillated celluloses that include cellulose nano and microfibrils (CMNFs) is a challenge for their production on an industrial scale, requiring easy techniques that control their quality and reproducibility. Gel point is a convenient parameter commonly used to estimate the aspect ratio (AR) of CMNFs. However, this estimation requires many sedimentation experiments, which are tedious and time consuming. The dataset includes all information related to the traditional experiments and to the simplified experiments for estimating gel point and AR based on only one sedimentation experiment. The full data set is useful to select the initial concentration to carry out the experimentation. This dataset also includes the information for the validation of the proposed simplified methodology and shows that the errors are lower than 7% for the gel point calculation and of 3% for the AR estimation. A larger databased of nanocellulose suspensions can be built with the reuse of this data to allow the estimation of nanocellulose properties in a future.

Technological innovations in shock wave lithotripsy.

INTRODUCTION: Since 1980, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) has been employed in the treatment of urolithiasis, offering noninvasive alternatives to surgical techniques. In addition to being limited by the size and location of the stones, its efficacy is influenced by several factors. Despite the advancement of other surgical techniques, SWL could maintain its position with new improvements. Our objective is to review the existing literature on the latest advances in the extracorporeal treatment of lithiasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A non-systematic literature review was carried out from 2017 to 2023 to obtain 26 articles on three different emerging technologies in extracorporeal lithotripsy: Burst Wave Lithotripsy (BWL), Histotripsy, and Microbubble Lithotripsy (ML). RESULTS: The BWL uses sinusoidal bursts of US waves delivered at lower and higher frequencies than conventional SWL. Its mechanism of action generates a higher quality fragmentation (fine fragments) instead of generating tensile stresses for stone fracture resulting in larger fragments, as in traditional SWL. Studies in pigs and humans have shown effective fragmentation with a good safety profile. Based on High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) technology, histotripsy fragments tissue through cavitation. Good in vitro results have been shown, but the formation of microbubbles between the stone and ultrasound waves hinders the progress of this technique. Microbubble Lithotripsy (ML) combines microbubbles and ultrasound for safe and effective stone fragmentation. In vitro and pig results are promising. This technique can help optimize treatments and reduce energy levels. CONCLUSIONS: Technological innovation is not only being applied to endourological techniques, but also to ESWL. New techniques such as BWL, histotripsy and ML are promising, with good results in the research phase.

Four-year Epidemiological Surveillance of the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy: Current Situation and Trends. / Vigilancia epidemiológica en los últimos 4 años del Registro Español de Investigación en Dermatitis de Contacto y Alergia Cutánea: situación actual y tendencias.

BACKGROUND: The epidemiological surveillance of contact dermatitis is one of the objectives of the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy. Knowing whether the prevalence of positive tests to the different allergens changes over time is important for this monitoring process. OBJECTIVES: To describe the various temporary trends in allergen positivity in the GEIDAC standard series from 2018 through December 31, 2022. METHODS: This was a multicenter, observational trial of consecutive patients analyzed via patch tests as part of the study of possible allergic contact dermatitises collected prospectively within the Spanish Registry of Research in Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy. The data was analyzed using 2 statistical tests: one homogeneity test (to describe the changes seen over time) and one trend test (to see whether the changes described followed a linear trend). RESULTS: A total of 11327 patients were included in the study. Overall, the allergens associated with a highest sensitization were nickel sulfate, methylisothiazolinone, cobalt chloride, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, and fragrance mix i. A statistically significant decrease was found in the percentage of methylisothiazolinone positive tests across the study years with an orderly trend. CONCLUSIONS: Although various changes were seen in the sensitizations trends to several allergens of the standard testing, it became obvious that a high sensitization to nickel, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and fragrances mix i remained. Only a significant downward trend was seen for methylisothiazolinone.

The Effects of Protein and Carbohydrate Supplementation, with and without Creatine, on Occupational Performance in Firefighters.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of protein and carbohydrate supplementation, with and without creatine, on occupational performance in firefighters. METHODS: Using a randomized, double-blind approach, thirty male firefighters (age: 34.4 ± 8.4 yrs., height: 1.82 ± 0.07 m; weight: 88.6 ± 12.5 kg; BF%: 17.2 ± 5.8%) were randomized to receive either (A.) 25 g of whey protein isolate + 25 g of carbohydrate powder (ProCarb group); or (B.) ProCarb + 5 g of creatine (Creatine group) in a double-blind fashion over a period of 21-26 days (depending on shift rotations) to evaluate the impact of supplementation on occupation-specific performance. At baseline and following supplementation, firefighters completed a battery of tests. These tests included an aerobic speed test on an air-braked cycle ergometer followed by the hose carry, body drag, stair climb, and Keiser sled hammer for time. RESULTS: No significant differences in measures of performance were observed at baseline (p > 0.05). There was a significant main effect for time observed for rescue, stair climb, total time to completion, and time trial performance (p < 0.05). There was a significant group × time (p < 0.05) interaction for rescue and forcible entry. Independent sample t-tests indicated that the Creatine group experienced a greater reduction (from baseline) in completion time for the rescue (1.78 ± 0.57 s, 95% CI: 0.61, 2.95 s, p = 0.004) and forcible entry (2.66 ± 0.97 s, 95% CI: 0.68, 4.65 s, p = 0.01) tests compared to the ProCarb group. No significant group × time interactions were observed for the hose line advance, stair climb, total time to completion, and time trial performance (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of supplemental creatine to a protein and carbohydrate supplement to the diet of career firefighters throughout a three week period improves occupational performance in firefighters in specific areas of high-intensity, repetitive actions.

Drug Survival in Cyclosporine Treatment for Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis: Analysis of the Spanish Atopic Dermatitis Registry (BIOBADATOP). / Supervivencia de la ciclosporina en el tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica moderada-grave: Registro Español de Dermatitis Atópica (BIOBADATOP).

BACKGROUND: The past 5 years have seen a proliferation of new treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD). We analyzed recent drug survival data for cyclosporine in this setting. Because the Spanish National Healthcare system requires patients with AD to be treated with cyclosporine before they can be prescribed other systemic treatments, drug survival for cyclosporine may be shorter than in other diseases. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Multicenter, observational, prospective cohort study using data from the Spanish Atopic Dermatitis Registry (BIOBADATOP). Data from the Spanish Registry of Systemic Treatments in Psoriasis (BIOBADADERM) were used to create a comparison cohort. RESULTS: We analyzed data for 130 patients with AD treated with cyclosporine (median drug survival, 1 year). Median cyclosporine survival in the psoriasis comparison group (150 patients) was 0.37 years. Drug survival was significantly longer in AD than in psoriasis (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Drug survival of cyclosporine in the BIOBADATOP registry is similar to that described in other series of patients with AD and longer than that observed in the BIOBADADERM psoriasis registry.

Cascade Synthesis of Fluorinated Spiroheterocyclic Scaffolding for Peptidic Macrobicycles.

Octafluorocyclopentene (OFCP) engages linear, unprotected peptides in polysubstitution cascades that generate complex fluorinated polycycles. The reactions occur in a single flask at 0-25 °C and require no catalysts or heavy metals. OFCP can directly polycyclize linear sequences using native functionality, or fluorospiroheterocyclic intermediates can be intercepted with exogenous nucleophiles. The latter tactic generates molecular hybrids composed of peptides, sugars, lipids, and heterocyclic components. The platform can create stereoisomers of both single- and double-looped macrocycles. Calculations indicate that the latter can mimic diverse protein surface loops. Subsets of the molecules have low energy conformers that shield the polar surface area through intramolecular hydrogen bonding. A significant fraction of OFCP-derived macrocycles tested show moderate to high passive permeability in parallel artificial membrane permeability assays.

Haptenos, proteínas y dermatitis atópica / Haptens, Proteins, and Atopic Dermatitis

La dermatitis atópica (DA) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica multifactorial. La dermatitis de contacto alérgica (DCA) y la dermatitis de contacto por proteínas (DCP) son patologías alérgicas que pueden ser comórbidas a la DA y ser causa de algunas de las exacerbaciones. Aunque la DCA tiene una prevalencia similar en pacientes atópicos que en la población general, debemos considerarla una comorbilidad frecuente en la DA por la disrupción de la barrera cutánea. Por ello, se recomienda la realización de pruebas epicutáneas a los pacientes atópicos. Dupilumab podría ser útil para el tratamiento de la DCA mediada por vía Th2 y exacerbar aquellas que ocurren por vía Th1, aunque se precisan más estudios para establecer conclusiones. El mecanismo por el que la exposición a proteínas ambientales produce exacerbaciones en la DA es controvertido, pero es un fenómeno habitual en la práctica clínica diaria. Se recomienda estudio mediante prick test a pacientes con clínica sugestiva y recomendar conductas evitativas ante pacientes sintomáticos y pruebas positivas (AU)

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is multifactorial in nature. Allergic contact dermatitis and protein contact dermatitis are allergic conditions that may occur in the context of atopic dermatitis and be the cause of exacerbations. Although the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis is similar in atopic patients and the general population, these 2 conditions are frequently associated because atopic inflammation disrupts the skin barrier. Skin tests are therefore recommended in atopic individuals. Dupilumab could be useful for treating allergic contact dermatitis if it is mediated by type 2 helper T cells but could exacerbate inflammation if mediated by TH1 cells: further study is needed before conclusions can be drawn. Although the mechanism by which exposure to environmental proteins exacerbates atopic dermatitis remains under discussion, such exacerbations are routinely seen in clinical practice. Prick testing is recommended in symptomatic atopic dermatitis. When prick-test findings are positive, patients should be advised to avoid the culprit substances (AU)

[Translated article] Haptens, Proteins, and Atopic Dermatitis / Haptenos, proteínas y dermatitis atópica

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is multifactorial in nature. Allergic contact dermatitis and protein contact dermatitis are allergic conditions that may occur in the context of atopic dermatitis and be the cause of exacerbations. Although the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis is similar in atopic patients and the general population, these 2 conditions are frequently associated because atopic inflammation disrupts the skin barrier. Skin tests are therefore recommended in atopic individuals. Dupilumab could be useful for treating allergic contact dermatitis if it is mediated by type 2 helper T cells but could exacerbate inflammation if mediated by TH1 cells: further study is needed before conclusions can be drawn. Although the mechanism by which exposure to environmental proteins exacerbates atopic dermatitis remains under discussion, such exacerbations are routinely seen in clinical practice. Prick testing is recommended in symptomatic atopic dermatitis. When prick-test findings are positive, patients should be advised to avoid the culprit substances (AU)

La dermatitis atópica (DA) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica multifactorial. La dermatitis de contacto alérgica (DCA) y la dermatitis de contacto por proteínas (DCP) son patologías alérgicas que pueden ser comórbidas a la DA y ser causa de algunas de las exacerbaciones. Aunque la DCA tiene una prevalencia similar en pacientes atópicos que en la población general, debemos considerarla una comorbilidad frecuente en la DA por la disrupción de la barrera cutánea. Por ello, se recomienda la realización de pruebas epicutáneas a los pacientes atópicos. Dupilumab podría ser útil para el tratamiento de la DCA mediada por vía Th2 y exacerbar aquellas que ocurren por vía Th1, aunque se precisan más estudios para establecer conclusiones. El mecanismo por el que la exposición a proteínas ambientales produce exacerbaciones en la DA es controvertido, pero es un fenómeno habitual en la práctica clínica diaria. Se recomienda estudio mediante prick test a pacientes con clínica sugestiva y recomendar conductas evitativas ante pacientes sintomáticos y pruebas positivas (AU)

Are Women with Normal-Weight Obesity at Higher Risk for Cardiometabolic Disorders?

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the cardiometabolic abnormalities in women with normal-weight obesity (NWO) in comparison with lean, overweight, and obese women. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated the assessment of cardiometabolic abnormalities of women with NWO compared to lean, overweight, and obese women. NWO was defined as a BMI < 25 kg.m-2 and a BFP higher than 30%. Anthropometric variables, cardiometabolic abnormality markers (fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, insulin resistance, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)), and liver enzymes were also examined. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in HDL concentrations between NWO, lean, and obese participants (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in FBG, insulin resistance, liver enzymes, or cholesterol between groups (p > 0.05). The prevalence of the abnormal metabolic phenotype was higher in NWO compared to the lean group (4.0% and 24.1%, respectively; p < 0.05). Women with type 2 and 3 obesity had abnormal metabolic profiles (60.9% and 73.9%, respectively) compared to NWO participants (p < 0.01). The NWO group had a significantly higher incidence of cardiometabolic abnormalities compared to the lean participants (p < 0.05), while the type 2 and 3 obese individuals had significantly higher incidences compared to the NWO group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with NWO had a significantly higher incidence of cardiometabolic abnormalities when compared to lean participants. These abnormalities strongly relate to BFP and waist circumferences.

Haptens, Proteins, and Atopic Dermatitis. / Haptenos, proteínas y dermatitis atópica.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is multifactorial in nature. Allergic contact dermatitis and protein contact dermatitis are allergic conditions that may occur in the context of atopic dermatitis and be the cause of exacerbations. Although the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis is similar in atopic patients and the general population, these 2 conditions are frequently associated because atopic inflammation disrupts the skin barrier. Skin tests are therefore recommended in atopic individuals. Dupilumab could be useful for treating allergic contact dermatitis if it is mediated by type 2 helper T cells but could exacerbate inflammation if mediated by TH1 cells: further study is needed before conclusions can be drawn. Although the mechanism by which exposure to environmental proteins exacerbates atopic dermatitis remains under discussion, such exacerbations are routinely seen in clinical practice. Prick testing is recommended in symptomatic atopic dermatitis. When prick-test findings are positive, patients should be advised to avoid the culprit substances.

Branched-Chain Amino Acids Supplementation Does Not Accelerate Recovery after a Change of Direction Sprinting Exercise Protocol.

BCAAs supplementation has been widely used for post-exercise recovery. However, no evidence is currently available to answer the question of whether BCAAs supplementation can attenuate muscle damage and ameliorate recovery after a bout of change of direction (COD) sprinting, which is an exercise motion frequently used during team sport actions. This study aimed to assess the effect of BCAAs supplementation on muscle damage markers, subjective muscle soreness, neuromuscular performance, and the vascular health of collegiate basketball players during a 72 h recovery period after a standardized COD protocol. Participants orally received either BCAAs (0.17 g/kg BCAAs + 0.17 g/kg glucose) or placebo (0.34 g/kg glucose) supplementation before and immediately after a COD exercise protocol in a randomized, crossover, double-blind, and placebo-controlled manner. Creatine kinase increased immediately after exercise and peaked at 24 h, muscle soreness remained elevated until 72 h, whilst arterial stiffness decreased after exercise for both supplemented conditions. A negligibly lower level of interleukin-6 was found in the BCAAs supplemented condition. In conclusion, the results of this study do not support the benefits of BCAAs supplementation on mitigating muscle damage and soreness, neuromuscular performance, and arterial stiffness after COD for basketball players.

Prurigo crónico nodular: Estudio retrospectivo de 74 casos / Chronic Nodular Prurigo: A Retrospective Study of 74 Cases

Antecedentes y objetivo El prurigo crónico nodular (PCN) es una enfermedad recientemente definida, de etiología heterogénea e infradiagnosticado en la actualidad. Está asociado a múltiples comorbilidades y los avances en su patogenia han abierto puertas a un mejor manejo y tratamiento. Presentamos una serie de pacientes con PCN con el objetivo de aportar nuestra experiencia en el manejo de esta entidad. Material y métodos Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y unicéntrico que incluye pacientes con PCN atendidos en el Servicio de Dermatología de un hospital terciario entre 2009 y 2021. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Resultados Se incluyó 74 pacientes, mayoritariamente mujeres (63,5%), con una media de 57 años. La asociación del PCN con otras enfermedades cutáneas fue del 39,2%, sobre todo dermatitis atópica (62%). El 54,1% de los pacientes presentaron comorbilidad endocrina y el 44,4% comorbilidad cardiovascular. La asociación con enfermedad psiquiátrica fue del 36,5%. La biopsia cutánea fue útil para confirmar la sospecha clínica en el 70% de los casos. El valor medio de la IgE fue superior a la normalidad (516 UI/mL), independientemente de la existencia de predisposición atópica. Se utilizó una media de tres tratamientos para el PCN por paciente. El metotrexato, los antihistamínicos y los corticoides tópicos y orales fueron los más empleados, estando el primero entre los más eficaces. Conclusione El PCN es una enfermedad compleja asociada a un gran número de comorbilidades, que requiere una aproximación multidisciplinar con el dermatólogo como eje central. El manejo terapéutico clásico es probablemente inadecuado (AU)

Background and objective Chronic nodular prurigo (CNPG) is a recently defined and currently underdiagnosed disease with a variety of causes. It is associated with multiple comorbidities, and its management and treatment have improved with a better understanding of its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to describe our experience with a series of patients with CNPG. Material and methods Single-center, observational, retrospective study of the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with CNPG seen at the dermatology department of a tertiary care hospital between 2009 and 2021. Results We included 74 patients, mostly women (63.5%), with a mean age of 57 years. Overall, 39.2% of patients had a concomitant skin condition, mainly atopic dermatitis (62%). Other comorbidities included endocrine disorders (54.1%), cardiovascular disease (44.4%), and psychiatric disorders (36.5%). Skin biopsy helped confirm the clinical diagnosis in 70% of cases. The mean immunoglobulin E level was higher than normal (516 IU/mL), regardless of atopic predisposition. On average, patients received 3 treatments, the most common choices being methotrexate, antihistamines, and topical and oral corticosteroids. Methotrexate was among the most effective options. Conclusions CNPG is a complex disease associated with multiple comorbidities. It requires a multidisciplinary approach, with the dermatologist at the center. Classical treatment approaches are probably insufficient (AU)

[Translated article] Chronic Nodular Prurigo: A Retrospective Study of 74 Cases / Prurigo crónico nodular: estudio retrospectivo de 74 casos

Background and objective Chronic nodular prurigo (CNPG) is a recently defined and currently underdiagnosed disease with a variety of causes. It is associated with multiple comorbidities, and its management and treatment have improved with a better understanding of its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to describe our experience with a series of patients with CNPG. Material and methods Single-center, observational, retrospective study of the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with CNPG seen at the dermatology department of a tertiary care hospital between 2009 and 2021. Results We included 74 patients, mostly women (63.5%), with a mean age of 57 years. Overall, 39.2% of patients had a concomitant skin condition, mainly atopic dermatitis (62%). Other comorbidities included endocrine disorders (54.1%), cardiovascular disease (44.4%), and psychiatric disorders (36.5%). Skin biopsy helped confirm the clinical diagnosis in 70% of cases. The mean immunoglobulin E level was higher than normal (516 IU/mL), regardless of atopic predisposition. On average, patients received 3 treatments, the most common choices being methotrexate, antihistamines, and topical and oral corticosteroids. Methotrexate was among the most effective options. Conclusions CNPG is a complex disease associated with multiple comorbidities. It requires a multidisciplinary approach, with the dermatologist at the center. Classical treatment approaches are probably insufficient (AU)

Antecedentes y objetivo El prurigo crónico nodular (PCN) es una enfermedad recientemente definida, de etiología heterogénea e infradiagnosticado en la actualidad. Está asociado a múltiples comorbilidades y los avances en su patogenia han abierto puertas a un mejor manejo y tratamiento. Presentamos una serie de pacientes con PCN con el objetivo de aportar nuestra experiencia en el manejo de esta entidad. Material y métodos Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y unicéntrico que incluye pacientes con PCN atendidos en el Servicio de Dermatología de un hospital terciario entre 2009 y 2021. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Resultados Se incluyó 74 pacientes, mayoritariamente mujeres (63,5%), con una media de 57 años. La asociación del PCN con otras enfermedades cutáneas fue del 39,2%, sobre todo dermatitis atópica (62%). El 54,1% de los pacientes presentaron comorbilidad endocrina y el 44,4% comorbilidad cardiovascular. La asociación con enfermedad psiquiátrica fue del 36,5%. La biopsia cutánea fue útil para confirmar la sospecha clínica en el 70% de los casos. El valor medio de la IgE fue superior a la normalidad (516 UI/mL), independientemente de la existencia de predisposición atópica. Se utilizó una media de tres tratamientos para el PCN por paciente. El metotrexato, los antihistamínicos y los corticoides tópicos y orales fueron los más empleados, estando el primero entre los más eficaces. Conclusiones El PCN es una enfermedad compleja asociada a un gran número de comorbilidades, que requiere una aproximación multidisciplinar con el dermatólogo como eje central. El manejo terapéutico clásico es probablemente inadecuado (AU)